Mouthwash use and oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of mouthwash use on the development of oral cancer. METHODS Observational studies with adult/older adult populations that have examined the association between mouthwash use and oral cancer were included. Electronic search was performed in July 2022, with no time or language restrictions. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were used, and the search was extended to theses and dissertations libraries, Google Scholar, reference lists, and other sources. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and quantitative data synthesis was performed by random effects meta-analysis, with different subgroup analyses and meta-regression. This revision was registered in Prospero (CRD42020143307). RESULTS Of the 4,094 studies identified in the search, 15 case-control studies were included in the review, totaling 6,515 cases and 17,037 controls. The meta-analysis included 17 measures of effect from 15 case-control studies. The pooled OR was 1.00 (95%CI: 0.79-1.26, n = 17 studies), but it was 2.58 (95%CI: 1.38-4.82, n = 2 studies) among those who had used mouthwashes three times or more times a day, and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.10-1.54, n = 4 studies) among those who had used mouthwashes for more than 40 years. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that a high frequency of mouthwash use may be associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. However, despite the biological plausibility for this association, we suggest caution upon interpretation of our findings due to the few number of studies that have investigated the mouthwash use frequency, which should be considered. Therefore, we recommend that future studies assess, in detail, the frequency, duration, and content of mouthwashes to increase the strength of evidence for a possible dose-response effect of mouthwashes on oral cancer risk.

Linfangioma microcístico em língua: relato de caso / Microcystic Lymphangioma of the Tongue: Case Report

Linfangiomas são malformações hamartomatosas dos vasos linfáticos, raras, benignas, congênitas e de etiologia desconhecida. Tratam-se de proliferações benignas que envolvem o sistema linfático tendo uma predileção pela cabeça, pescoço e cavidade oral. Há um prognóstico bom em relação às lesões em língua na maioria dos casos, exceto quando lesões volumosas podem comprometer as vias aéreas. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso clínico de linfangioma localizado na língua, bem como revisar a literatura pertinente enfocando os aspectos clínicos e possibilidades terapêuticas... (AU)

Lymphangiomas are hamartomatous malformations of the lymphatic vessels, rare, benign, congenital and of unknown etiology. These are benign proliferations involving the lymphatic system having a predilection for the head, neck and oral cavity. There is a good prognosis in relation to injuries to the tongue in most cases, except when bulky lesions may compromise the airway. The objective of this study is to report a case of lymphangioma located on the tongue, as well as review the literature focusing on the clinical and therapeutic possibilities... (AU)